
Ungulates account for the vast majority of large herbivores currently on earth. Their influence stretches across nearly every biome, and their indigenous ranges include all zoogeographic regions except Antarctica. With human help, ungulates have expanded into nearly every corner of the globe. "Ungulates of the World" indeed!
There is no definitive list of ungulate species, and four recent Ungulate Taxonomies (from sources published 2005-2024) show surprising similarities and differences. The species list presented here follows the January 2024 version of the Mammal Diversity Database, a taxonomic synthesis by the American Society of Mammalogists. Since species-concepts are flexible, some species recognized here may not be widely accepted, and other proposed species may not be listed.
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Equus ferus Wild horse (wild form of the domestic horse, Equus caballus)
Equus grevyi Grevy's zebra
Equus hemionus Asian wild ass
Equus kiang Kiang, Tibetan wild ass
Equus quagga Plains zebra
Equus zebra Mountain zebra
Tapirus indicus Asian tapir
Tapirus pinchaque Mountain tapir
Tapirus terrestris Lowland tapir
Rhinoceros unicornis Greater one-horned rhinoceros
Camelus dromedarius Dromedary, Arabian camel
Lama vicugna Vicuña (wild form of the domestic alpaca, Lama pacos)
Babyrousa celebensis Sulawesi babirusa
Babyrousa togeanensis Togian babirusa
Phacochoerus africanus Common warthog
Sus barbatus Bearded pig
Sus cebifrons Visayan warty pig
Sus celebensis Sulawesi warty pig
Sus oliveri Mindoro warty pig
Sus philippensis Philippine warty pig
Sus scrofa Eurasian wild pig (wild form of the domestic pig, Sus domesticus)
Sus verrucosus Javan warty pig
EXTINCT: Hippopotamus lemerlei Lemerle's Dwarf Hippopotamus
EXTINCT: Hippopotamus madagascariensis Madagascan dwarf hippopotamus
Moschiola kathygre Yellow-striped chevrotain
Moschiola meminna White-spotted chevrotain
Tragulus kanchil Lesser Indo-Malayan chevrotain
Tragulus napu Greater Indo-Malayan chevrotain
Tragulus nigricans Balabac chevrotain
Tragulus versicolor Silver-backed chevrotain
Tragulus williamsoni Northern chevrotain
Giraffa giraffa Southern giraffe
Giraffa reticulata Reticulated giraffe
Giraffa tippelskirchi Maasai giraffe
Moschus berezovskii Forest musk-deer
Moschus chrysogaster Alpine musk-deer
Moschus cupreus Kashmir musk-deer
Moschus fuscus Black musk-deer
Moschus leucogaster Himalayan musk-deer
Moschus moschiferus Siberian musk-deer
Capreolus pygargus Eastern roe deer
Mazama chunyi South Andean red brocket
Mazama jucunda Atlantic forest red brocket
Mazama nanus Pygmy red brocket
Mazama rufa Southeastern red brocket
Mazama rufina North Andean red brocket
Mazama temama Central American red brocket
Odocoileus pandora Yucatan brown brocket
Odocoileus virginianus White-tailed deer
Pudella mephistophila Ecuadorian paramo pudu
Cervus canadensis Wapiti
Cervus elaphus Western red deer
Cervus hanglu Central Asian red deer
Cervus nippon Sika deer
Dama mesopotamica Persian fallow deer
Rucervus eldii Brow-antlered deer
EXTINCT: Rucervus schomburgki Schomburgk's deer
Rusa marianna Philippine brown deer
Rusa timorensis Javan deer
Rusa unicolor Sambar
Muntiacus crinifrons Black muntjac
Muntiacus feae Fea's muntjac
Muntiacus gongshanensis Gongshan muntjac
Muntiacus malabaricus Malabar red muntjac
Muntiacus muntjak Southern red muntjac
Muntiacus puhoatensis Puhoat muntjac
Muntiacus putaoensis Leaf muntjac
Muntiacus reevesi Reeves's muntjac
Muntiacus rooseveltorum Roosevelt's muntjac
Muntiacus truongsonensis Annamite muntjac
Muntiacus vaginalis Northern red muntjac
Muntiacus vuquangensis Large-antlered muntjac
Eudorcas rufifrons Red-fronted gazelle
Eudorcas thomsonii Thomson's gazelle
Eudorcas tilonura Eritrean gazelle
EXTINCT: Eudorcas rufina Red gazelle
Gazella bennettii Indian gazelle
Gazella cuvieri Cuvier's gazelle
Gazella dorcas Dorcas gazelle
Gazella gazella Mountain gazelle
Gazella leptoceros Slender-horned gazelle
Gazella marica Arabian sand gazelle
Gazella spekei Speke's gazelle
Gazella subgutturosa Goitered gazelle
Madoqua damarensis Damara dik-dik
Madoqua guentheri Guenther's dik-dik
Madoqua kirkii Kirk's dik-dik
Madoqua piacentinii Silver dik-dik
Madoqua saltiana Salt's dik-dik
Madoqua thomasi Ugogo dik-dik
Nanger granti Grant's gazelle
Nanger notatus Bright's gazelle
Nanger petersii Peters's gazelle
Nanger soemmerringii Soemmerring's gazelle
Procapra picticaudata Tibetan gazelle
Procapra przewalskii Przewalski's gazelle
Raphicerus melanotis Cape grysbok
Raphicerus sharpei Sharpe's grysbok
Budorcas tibetana Chinese takin
Capra caucasica West Caucasian tur
Capra cylindricornis East Caucasian tur
Capra falconeri Markhor
Capra ibex Alpine ibex
Capra nubiana Nubian ibex
Capra pyrenaica Iberian ibex
Capra sibirica Siberian ibex
Capra walie Walia ibex
Capricornis rubidus Red serow
Capricornis sumatraensis Maned serow
Capricornis swinhoei Formosan serow
Naemorhedus caudatus Long-tailed goral
Naemorhedus cranbrooki Cranbrook's goral
Naemorhedus evansi Burmese goral
Naemorhedus goral Himalayan goral
Naemorhedus griseus Chinese goral
Ovis canadensis Bighorn sheep
Ovis dalli Thinhorn sheep
Ovis gmelinii Asian mouflon (wild form of mouflon and domestic sheep, Ovis aries)
Ovis nivicola Snow sheep
Ovis vignei Urial
Rupicapra rupicapra Northern chamois
Cephalophorus callipygus Peters's duiker
Cephalophorus kivuensis Kivu duiker
Cephalophorus leucogaster White-bellied duiker
Cephalophorus natalensis Natal red duiker
Cephalophorus niger Black duiker
Cephalophorus nigrifrons Black-fronted duiker
Cephalophorus ogilbyi Ogilby's duiker
Cephalophorus rubidus Rwenzori red duiker
Cephalophorus rufilatus Red-flanked duiker
Cephalophorus weynsi Weyns's duiker
Cephalophus jentinki Jentink's duiker
Cephalophus silvicultor Yellow-backed duiker
Cephalophus spadix Abbott's duiker
Philantomba monticola Blue duiker
Philantomba walteri Verheyen's duiker
Hippotragus niger Sable antelope
EXTINCT: Hippotragus leucophaeus Bluebuck
Oryx dammah Scimitar-horned oryx
Oryx gazella Gemsbok, South African oryx
Oryx leucoryx Arabian oryx
Kobus kob Kob
Kobus leche Southern lechwe
Kobus megaceros Nile lechwe
Kobus vardonii Puku
Redunca fulvorufula Mountain reedbuck
Redunca redunca Bohor reedbuck
Bos bonasus European bison
Bos gaurus Gaur (wild form of the domestic gayal, Bos frontalis)
Bos javanicus Banteng
Bos mutus Wild yak (wild form of the domestic yak, Bos grunniens)
Bos sauveli Kouprey
EXTINCT: Bos primigenius Aurochs (wild form of domestic cattle, Bos taurus)
Bubalus depressicornis Lowland anoa
Bubalus mindorensis Tamaraw
Bubalus quarlesi Mountain anoa
Tragelaphus buxtoni Mountain nyala
Tragelaphus derbianus Giant eland
Tragelaphus eurycerus Bongo
Tragelaphus imberbis Lesser kudu
Tragelaphus oryx Common eland
Tragelaphus scriptus Northern bushbuck
Tragelaphus spekii Sitatunga
Tragelaphus strepsiceros Greater kudu
Tragelaphus sylvaticus Southern bushbuck