Several features unite the species within this group, notably the skull structure, dentition (closely resembling fossils from 12 million years ago), and presence of solid horn cores. The preorbital glands are well developed in most species: they are composed of a spherical mass of glandular tissue located in front of each eye. These glands secrete a sticky black substance which is carried by a central duct to a circular patch of bare skin. The opening of this duct is covered by a purse-like fold of skin which can be opened wide during the deposition of secretions.

Four subtribes have been proposed:

1. Procaprina - Procapra
2. Antilopina - gazelles and relatives
3. Raphicerina - dwarf antelopes
4. Ourebina - oribi

The gazelles are medium-sized bovids which are highly evolved for a cursorial (running) existence in open environments. There is little sexual dimorphism in body size or coloration. Horns are generally present in both sexes of this tribe, but they are lacking in females of some genera. There are often striking markings on the face, flanks, and/or rump. The mating system of all species is polygynous. The Antilopini traditionally includes the genus Procapra. However, the three species in this genus appear to be as different from the gazelles as they are from the dwarf antelope (now assigned to a separate tribe). No new tribe has yet been ascribed to these antelope.

The remaining Antilopini are small antelopes (Dorcatragus, Madoqua, Ourebia, and Raphicerus), which form a taxonomically-valid grouping (excluding other other dwarf antelopes in Neotragini and Oreotragini). All inhabit relatively arid environments (savannahs and scrub mosaic), and have several adaptations for conserving water, notably nasal panting. All are selective feeders and rarely (if ever) need to drink. They often form monogamous pairs. Short, vertical, spike-like horns are found only in males (never in females).